语 音 知 识

语 音 知 识

知识要点：

1、元音字母和元音字母组合的发音；

2、辅音字母和辅音字母组合的发音；

3、转换或派生词的发音；

4、字母的不发音；

5、单词附加词尾的读音。

一、读音规则

1、元音字母的读音：

字母	读音	例 词	规 则
	[ei]	game plate	在开音节中，have例外：[]
	[]	bag black	在闭音节中
	[a:]	bath class	在ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, nc, ns前
Aa	[]	wash wander	在[w]后，water例外：[ ]
	[¶]	allow China	在非重读音节中
	[i]	surface palace	在非重读音节中
	[e]	any ate
	[i:]	Chinese these	在开音节中，live、give例外：[i]
Ee	[e]	best letter	在闭音节中
	[i]	before behind	在弱读音节中
	[¶]	hundred excellent	在弱读音节中
Ii	[ai]	price rise find child	在开音节中 在nd, ld前
	[i]	gift lid	在闭音节中
	[¶]	holiday possible
	[¶u]	home radio hold post	在开音节中,move例外：[u:] 在ld、st前
Oo	[]	top knock	在闭音节中
	[L]	come love	在m、n、v前
	[u]	wolf woman
	[ju:]	duty huge	在开音节中
	[L]	club suffer	在重读闭音节中
	[u:]	blue true	在开音节中辅音[l][r]后
Uu	[i]	busy business	build例外 ui [i]
	[e]	bury
	[u]	pull full
	[¶]	support difficult	在弱读音节中
Yy	[ai]	type satisfy
	[i]	pretty beauty

2、元音字母组合的读音：

字母组合	读音	例 词	规 则
		also salt
al		talk walk
	[a:]	half calm	在[f][m]前
ar	[a:]	harm sharp
		warm warn	在w后
are	[a:]	are
		spare share
au		autumn cause	aunt例外：[a:]
augh		daughter taught	laugh例外：[a:]
aw		saw law
ai	[ei]	main may grey	said says例外：[e]
ay	[i]	holiday captain	certain curtain Britain中ai不发音
ey		valley
	[i:]	meat steal
ea	[e]	bread dead
	[ei]	break great
	[i¶]	real	reality例外：[i(:)]
ee	[i:]	street greet	coffee例外：[i]
	[i:]	receive ceiling	在[s]后为ei
ei	[ei]	neighbour eight	foreign例外：[i]
	[ai]	either height
ie	[i:]	piece believe	friend例外：[e]
	[ai¶]	quiet society
io	[ai¶]	violin pioneer	period例外：[i¶]
ia	[ai¶]	diary diamond	Russia例外：[¶]
ew	[ju:]	few honeydew
	[u:]	threw grew
	[¶:]	learn early	在辅音前，heart例外：[a:]
ear	[i¶]	clear hear
	[e¶]	wear bear
er	[¶:]	refer mercy
	[a:]	sergeant clerk
eer	[i¶]	pioneer engineer
ir	[¶:]	first virtue
ire	[ai¶]	hire wire
oa	[¶u]	boat coat
oi oy		voice boy
oul	[u]	could should
	[u:]	tooth smooth
oo	[u]	cook foot
	[L]	flood blood
		order forty
or	[¶:]	worm world	在w后
	[¶]	visitor conductor
oor		floor door	poor例外：[u¶]
	[au]	house pronounce
	[L]	touch young
ou	[u:]	group wound
	[¶u]	shoulder soul
	[¶]	nervous poisonous
	[au¶]	our hour	tour例外：[u¶]
our		four course	journey例外：[¶:]
	[¶]	colour labour	在词尾
ow	[au]	town how
	[¶u]	window throw
ough		fought thought	through例外：[u:]
	[¶u]	though although
ui	[u:]	fruit juice	build例外：[i]
	[ju:]	suit suitable
ur	[¶:]	nurse burn
ure	[ju¶]	cure pure	sure例外：[u¶]

3、部分辅音字母，字母组合的读音：

字母组合	发音	例 词	规 则
ch	[tò]	teach child watch match
(tch)	[k]	school stomach
ck	[k]	stick quickly
ng		singer long
		language English
gh	[f]	enough laugh
ph	[f]	photo phone
th	[θ]	think mouth	th在词首或词尾， smooth例外：
		with father	th在词首或词尾， healthy例外：[θ]
wh	[w]	why while
	[h]	who whole
x	[ks]	exhibition explain
	[gz]	example exist	在重读章节中元音前
n	[n]	winter dance
		hungry thank	在[k][g]前

二、语音测试中常考和易错的单词：

1、[ei]

a：tale cave nature headache operate translate graduate danger change

celebrate liberate classmate centigrade liberation

ai：failure straight sail explain remain

ay：day ray pay play delay

ea：break great

ei：neighbour weight eight

2、[i:]

e：frequently fever metre recent complete evening scene reread

immediately secret

ie：believe field piece achieve thief

ei：ceiling receive

i：magazine police machine

ea：beast breathe reading ocean peace scream European increase

3、[ai]

i：flight wild satellite hide silence design lively biology ninth apologize

silent tiny

ei：either height

4、

o：robot gold post comb soldier suppose only won’t clothes

control progress motor ocean stove stone

ow：arrow known flown grown flow bowl hollow show blow grow

ou：shoulder soul although

oa：throat coast

5、[ju:]

u：pupil student tube

6、[]

a：capital natural naturally taxi Japan practice cattle candle ant

translate Japanese canal national

7、[e]

ai (ay)：said says

e：envelope develop merry whether unless secretary explanation reject

ea：measure heavy bread head breath sweat weather meant feather treasure

heath deaf

a：ate any many

8、[i]

i：universe children technical notice hidden prison living opposite silver

e：depend elect mathematics explain forest electricity event especial

entire object pretty

a：message package climate courage manage village language surface

palace comrade savage necklace orange

o：women

u：minute busy business

ai：mountain captain

ei：foreign

9、

o：solid office topic biology concert wrong onto foreign along

common strong lost obvious object dollar cloth forehead forest

politics modern honour probably promise

a：want wander wash watch wallet what

ar：quarrel

or：sorry borrow tomorrow sorrow

10、[L]

o：worry month government once tongue dozen wonder love come

ou：double country trouble courage cousin southern touch

11、

a：salt also always almost water

al：talk walk chalk wall ball

ou：thought bought fought brought

our：mourn pour four course

aw：saw law lawyer

ar：warm warn

au (gh) ：caught naughty autumn cause taught daughter astronaut

or, oor：door torn form worn forward floor

12、[u:]

ou：wounded route youth group soup route

oo：loose fool boot balloon food cool school tooth smooth

pool moon choose

o：prove move

13、

er：refer person

or：worse worthy worm word worst worship work world

ear：earth research early learn

ur：church burst curtain fur

14、[a:]

a：rather grant basket example chance vase advanced France

au：aunt laugh

15、[u]

o：wolf woman

u：push pull sugar

oo：foot cook wood childhood good took look shook stood hook

oul：should would

16、[¶]

o：Europe obey pollution observe develop political

i：possible terrible holiday beautiful

a：allow peasant servant library material breakfast Japan Japanese

u：success support succeed suggest supply suppose industry upon minus

17、[au]

ou：found founded round sounded trousers count south pronounce announce

ow：crowd town now cow blown flower

augh：plaugh

18、[i¶]

ear：spear fear dear hear tear（n.）clear disappear

ea：realize theatre really real

eo：theory

er：serious material period zero

19、

are：glare care dare stare

ere：where there therefore

ear：wear bear tear（v.）

ar：parent various Mary

air：fair affair pair

20、

ie：quiet society science diet scientific scientist

ire：empire entire tiresome

io：violin lion pioneer

ia：diary diamond dialogue

21、[s]

s：this writes sew research promise it’s newspaper hospital loose

mouse horse course close（adj.）worse coughs mouths stomachs

house horse loose course promise

c：medicine society voice advice price silence decision except

22、[z]

s：news Thursday his goes reads mothers as husband raise physical

cousin resist lose noise otherwise position possess nose cause

newsreel lungs telegrams stones desert design wise robs houses

composition clothes close（v.）

23、[q]

th：thing breath method maths wealth healthy worth south strength

three through cloth birth bath mouth path

24、

th：they this that without gather mother father breathe neither

southern worthy mouths baths paths smooth

25、[t]

ed：missed asked watched practised reduced advanced wiped

blocked stepped marched

26、[d]

ed：filled recognized whispered hugged changed robbed

27、[k]

ch：stomach character chemical technology headache technical

technique chemist

28、[tò]

ch：church chain chest cheerful charge check change achieve research

t (ion) ：question suggestion

tu：century natural fortunate

29、[ò]

ch：machine moustache

sh：shoe shallow shirt wash

s (s) ：sure sugar Asia expression permission

c：special ocean musician official

t (ion) ：liberation pollution graduation

30、[f]

gh：cough enough tough photo telegraph

31、[eks]

ex：exhibition exercise expert extra explanation excellent

32、[iks]

ex：explain expect exchange express experience excuse expensive

33、[igz]

ex：exact exist example examine

34、

n：trunk language bank anxious ink think rank donkey

finger hungry English handkerchief

ng：tongue long strong sing

35、

s：pleasure conclusion television decision revision usually

36、[/] 字母不发音

（1）b：comb tomb debt climb

（2）h：honest hour forehead exhibition

（3）w：wrong write answer sword wrap

（4）t：often listen whistle Christmas listen

（5）d：Wednesday handsome handkerchief