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语 音 知 识 |
文章来源:安徽省巢湖小新星英语教育集团 作者:小新星 更新时间:2005-12-3 22:43:57 阅读:次 |
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语 音 知 识
知识要点:
1、元音字母和元音字母组合的发音;
2、辅音字母和辅音字母组合的发音;
3、转换或派生词的发音;
4、字母的不发音;
5、单词附加词尾的读音。
一、读音规则
1、元音字母的读音:
字母 |
读音 |
例 词 |
规 则 |
|
[ei] |
game plate |
在开音节中,have例外:[ ] |
|
[ ] |
bag black |
在闭音节中 |
|
[a:] |
bath class |
在ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, nc, ns前 |
Aa |
[ ] |
wash wander |
在[w]后,water例外:[ ] |
|
[¶] |
allow China |
在非重读音节中 |
|
[i] |
surface palace |
在非重读音节中 |
|
[e] |
any ate |
|
|
[i:] |
Chinese these |
在开音节中,live、give例外:[i] |
Ee |
[e] |
best letter |
在闭音节中 |
|
[i] |
before behind |
在弱读音节中 |
|
[¶] |
hundred excellent |
在弱读音节中 |
Ii |
[ai] |
price rise
find child |
在开音节中
在nd, ld前 |
|
[i] |
gift lid |
在闭音节中 |
|
[¶] |
holiday possible |
|
|
[¶u] |
home radio hold post |
在开音节中,move例外:[u:] 在ld、st前 |
Oo |
[ ] |
top knock |
在闭音节中 |
|
[L] |
come love |
在m、n、v前 |
|
[u] |
wolf woman |
|
|
[ju:] |
duty huge |
在开音节中 |
|
[L] |
club suffer |
在重读闭音节中 |
|
[u:] |
blue true |
在开音节中辅音[l][r]后 |
Uu |
[i] |
busy business |
build例外 ui [i] |
|
[e] |
bury |
|
|
[u] |
pull full |
|
|
[¶] |
support difficult |
在弱读音节中 |
Yy |
[ai] |
type satisfy |
|
|
[i] |
pretty beauty |
|
2、元音字母组合的读音:
字母组合 |
读音 |
例 词 |
规 则 |
|
|
also salt |
|
al |
|
talk walk |
|
|
[a:] |
half calm |
在[f][m]前 |
ar |
[a:] |
harm sharp |
|
|
|
warm warn |
在w后 |
are |
[a:] |
are |
|
|
|
spare share |
|
au |
|
autumn cause |
aunt例外:[a:] |
augh |
|
daughter taught |
laugh例外:[a:] |
aw |
|
saw law |
|
ai |
[ei] |
main may grey |
said says例外:[e] |
ay |
[i] |
holiday captain |
certain curtain Britain中ai不发音 |
ey |
|
valley |
|
|
[i:] |
meat steal |
|
ea |
[e] |
bread dead |
|
|
[ei] |
break great |
|
|
[i¶] |
real |
reality例外:[i(:) ] |
ee |
[i:] |
street greet |
coffee例外:[i] |
|
[i:] |
receive ceiling |
在[s]后为ei |
ei |
[ei] |
neighbour eight |
foreign例外:[i] |
|
[ai] |
either height |
|
ie |
[i:] |
piece believe |
friend例外:[e] |
|
[ai¶] |
quiet society |
|
io |
[ai¶] |
violin pioneer |
period例外:[i¶] |
ia |
[ai¶] |
diary diamond |
Russia例外:[¶] |
ew |
[ju:] |
few honeydew |
|
|
[u:] |
threw grew |
|
|
[¶:] |
learn early |
在辅音前,heart例外:[a:] |
ear |
[i¶] |
clear hear |
|
|
[e¶] |
wear bear |
|
er |
[¶:] |
refer mercy |
|
|
[a:] |
sergeant clerk |
|
eer |
[i¶] |
pioneer engineer |
|
ir |
[¶:] |
first virtue |
|
ire |
[ai¶] |
hire wire |
|
oa |
[¶u] |
boat coat |
|
oi
oy |
|
voice boy |
|
oul |
[u] |
could should |
|
|
[u:] |
tooth smooth |
|
oo |
[u] |
cook foot |
|
|
[L] |
flood blood |
|
|
|
order forty |
|
or |
[¶:] |
worm world |
在w后 |
|
[¶] |
visitor conductor |
|
oor |
|
floor door |
poor例外:[u¶] |
|
[au] |
house pronounce |
|
|
[L] |
touch young |
|
ou |
[u:] |
group wound |
|
|
[¶u] |
shoulder soul |
|
|
[¶] |
nervous poisonous |
|
|
[au¶] |
our hour |
tour例外:[u¶] |
our |
|
four course |
journey例外:[¶:] |
|
[¶] |
colour labour |
在词尾 |
ow |
[au] |
town how |
|
|
[¶u] |
window throw |
|
ough |
|
fought thought |
through例外:[u:] |
|
[¶u] |
though although |
|
ui |
[u:] |
fruit juice |
build例外:[i] |
|
[ju:] |
suit suitable |
|
ur |
[¶:] |
nurse burn |
|
ure |
[ju¶] |
cure pure |
sure例外:[u¶] |
3、部分辅音字母,字母组合的读音:
字母组合 |
发音 |
例 词 |
规 则 |
ch |
[tò] |
teach child
watch match |
|
(tch) |
[k] |
school stomach |
|
ck |
[k] |
stick quickly |
|
ng |
|
singer long |
|
|
|
language English |
|
gh |
[f] |
enough laugh |
|
ph |
[f] |
photo phone |
|
th |
[θ] |
think mouth |
th在词首或词尾,
smooth例外: |
|
|
with father |
th在词首或词尾,
healthy例外:[θ] |
wh |
[w] |
why while |
|
|
[h] |
who whole |
|
x |
[ks] |
exhibition explain |
|
|
[gz] |
example exist |
在重读章节中元音前 |
n |
[n] |
winter dance |
|
|
|
hungry thank |
在[k][g]前 |
二、语音测试中常考和易错的单词:
1、[ei]
a:t ale c ave n ature head ache oper ate transl ate gradu ate d anger ch ange
celebr ate liber ate classm ate centigr ade liber ation
ai:f ailure str aight s ail expl ain rem ain
ay:d ay r ay p ay pl ay del ay
ea:br eak gr eat
ei:n eighbour w eight eight
2、[i:]
e:fr equently f ever m etre r ecent compl ete evening sc ene r eread
imm ediately s ecret
ie:bel ieve f ield p iece ach ieve th ief
ei:c eiling rec eive
i:magaz ine pol ice mach ine
ea:b east br eathe r eading oc ean p eace scr eam Europ ean incr ease
3、[ai]
i:fl ight w ild satell ite h ide s ilence des ign l ively b iology n inth apolog ize
s ilent t iny
ei: either h eight
4、
o:r obot g old p ost c omb s oldier supp ose only w on’t cl othes
contr ol pr ogress m otor ocean st ove st one
ow:arr ow kn own fl own gr own fl ow b owl holl ow sh ow bl ow gr ow
ou:sh oulder s oul alth ough
oa:thr oat c oast
5、[ju:]
u:p upil st udent t ube
6、[ ]
a:c apital n atural n aturally t axi Jap an pr actice c attle c andle ant
tr anslate J apanese can al n ational
7、[e]
ai (ay):s aid s ays
e: envelope dev elop m erry wh ether unl ess s ecretary explanation rej ect
ea:m easure h eavy br ead h ead br eath sw eat w eather m eant f eather tr easure
h eath d eaf
a: ate any m any
8、[i]
i:un iverse ch ildren techn ical not ice h idden pr ison l iving oppos ite s ilver
e:d epend elect math ematics explain for est electricity event especial
entire obj ect pr etty
a:mess age pack age clim ate cour age man age vill age langu age surf ace
pal ace comr ade sav age neckl ace or ange
o:w omen
u:min ute b usy b usiness
ai:mount ain capt ain
ei:for eign
9、
o:s olid office t opic bi ology c oncert wr ong onto f oreign al ong
c ommon str ong l ost obvious object d ollar cl oth f orehead f orest
p olitics m odern h onour pr obably pr omise
a:w ant w ander w ash w atch w allet wh at
ar:qu arrel
or:s orry b orrow tom orrow s orrow
10、[L]
o:w orry m onth g overnment once t ongue d ozen w onder l ove c ome
ou:d ouble c ountry tr ouble c ourage c ousin s outhern t ouch
11、
a:s alt also always almost w ater
al:t alk w alk ch alk w all b all
ou:th ought b ought f ought br ought
our:m ourn p our f our c ourse
aw:s aw l aw l awyer
ar:w arm w arn
au (gh) :c aught n aughty autumn c ause t aught d aughter astron aut
or, oor:d oor t orn f orm w orn f orward fl oor
12、[u:]
ou:w ounded r oute y outh gr oup s oup r oute
oo:l oose f ool b oot ball oon f ood c ool sch ool t ooth sm ooth
p ool m oon ch oose
o:pr ove m ove
13、
er:ref er p erson
or:w orse w orthy w orm w ord w orst w orship w ork w orld
ear: earth res earch early l earn
ur:ch urch b urst c urtain f ur
14、[a:]
a:r ather gr ant b asket ex ample ch ance v ase adv anced Fr ance
au: aunt l augh
15、[u]
o:w olf w oman
u:p ush p ull s ugar
oo:f oot c ook w ood childh ood g ood t ook l ook sh ook st ood h ook
oul:sh ould w ould
16、[¶]
o:Eur ope obey p ollution observe devel op p olitical
i:poss ible terr ible hol iday beaut iful
a: allow peas ant serv ant libr ary m aterial breakf ast J apan Jap anese
u:s uccess s upport s ucceed s uggest s upply s uppose ind ustry upon min us
17、[au]
ou:f ound f ounded r ound s ounded tr ousers c ount s outh pron ounce ann ounce
ow:cr owd t own n ow c ow bl own fl ower
augh:pl augh
18、[i¶ ]
ear:sp ear f ear d ear h ear t ear(n.)cl ear disapp ear
ea:r ealize th eatre r eally r eal
eo:th eory
er:s erious mat erial p eriod z ero
19、
are:gl are c are d are st are
ere:wh ere th ere th erefore
ear:w ear b ear t ear(v.)
ar:p arent v arious M ary
air:f air aff air p air
20、
ie:qu iet soc iety sc ience d iet sc ientific sc ientist
ire:emp ire ent ire t iresome
io:v iolin l ion p ioneer
ia:d iary d iamond d ialogue
21、[s]
s:thi s write s sew re search promi se it’ s new spaper ho spital loo se
mou se hor se cour se clo se(adj.)wor se cough s mouth s stomach s
hou se hor se loo se cour se promi se
c:medi cine so ciety voi ce advi ce pri ce silen ce de cision ex cept
22、[z]
s:new s Thur sday hi s goe s read s mother s a s hu sband rai se phy sical
cou sin re sist lo se noi se otherwi se po sition po ssess no se cau se
new sreel lung s telegram s stone s de sert de sign wi se rob s house s
compo sition clothe s clo se(v.)
23、[q]
th: thing brea th me thod ma ths weal th heal thy wor th sou th streng th
three through clo th bir th ba th mou th pa th
24、
th: they this that wi thout ga ther mo ther fa ther brea the nei ther
sou thern wor thy mou ths ba ths pa ths smoo th
25、[t]
ed:miss ed ask ed watch ed practis ed reduc ed advanc ed wip ed
block ed stepp ed march ed
26、[d]
ed:fill ed recogniz ed whisper ed hugg ed chang ed robb ed
27、[k]
ch:stoma ch character chemical te chnology heada che te chnical
te chnique chemist
28、[tò]
ch: church chain chest cheerful charge check change a chieve resear ch
t (ion) :ques tion sugges tion
tu:cen tury na tural for tunate
29、[ò]
ch:ma chine mousta che
sh: shoe shallow shirt wa sh
s (s) : sure sugar A sia expre ssion permi ssion
c:spe cial o cean musi cian offi cial
t (ion) :libera tion pollu tion gradua tion
30、[f]
gh:cou gh enou gh tou gh photo telegra ph
31、[eks]
ex: exhibition exercise expert extra explanation excellent
32、[iks]
ex: explain expect exchange express experience excuse expensive
33、[igz]
ex: exact exist example examine
34、
n:tru nk la nguage ba nk a nxious i nk thi nk ra nk do nkey
fi nger hu ngry E nglish handkerch ief
ng:to ngue lo ng stro ng si ng
35、
s:plea sure conclu sion televi sion deci sion revi sion u sually
36、[/] 字母不发音
(1)b:com b tom b de bt clim b
(2)h: honest hour fore head ex hibition
(3)w: wrong write ans wer s word wrap
(4)t:of ten lis ten whis tle Chris tmas lis ten
(5)d:We dnesday han dsome han dkerchief
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