语 音 知 识
知识要点:
1、元音字母和元音字母组合的发音;
2、辅音字母和辅音字母组合的发音;
3、转换或派生词的发音;
4、字母的不发音;
5、单词附加词尾的读音。
一、读音规则
1、元音字母的读音:
字母 |
读音 |
例 词 |
规 则 |
|
[ei] |
game plate |
在开音节中,have例外:[ ] |
|
[ ] |
bag black |
在闭音节中 |
|
[a:] |
bath class |
在ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, nc, ns前 |
Aa |
[ ] |
wash wander |
在[w]后,water例外:[ ] |
|
[¶] |
allow China |
在非重读音节中 |
|
[i] |
surface palace |
在非重读音节中 |
|
[e] |
any ate |
|
|
[i:] |
Chinese these |
在开音节中,live、give例外:[i] |
Ee |
[e] |
best letter |
在闭音节中 |
|
[i] |
before behind |
在弱读音节中 |
|
[¶] |
hundred excellent |
在弱读音节中 |
Ii |
[ai] |
price rise
find child |
在开音节中
在nd, ld前 |
|
[i] |
gift lid |
在闭音节中 |
|
[¶] |
holiday possible |
|
|
[¶u] |
home radio hold post |
在开音节中,move例外:[u:] 在ld、st前 |
Oo |
[ ] |
top knock |
在闭音节中 |
|
[L] |
come love |
在m、n、v前 |
|
[u] |
wolf woman |
|
|
[ju:] |
duty huge |
在开音节中 |
|
[L] |
club suffer |
在重读闭音节中 |
|
[u:] |
blue true |
在开音节中辅音[l][r]后 |
Uu |
[i] |
busy business |
build例外 ui [i] |
|
[e] |
bury |
|
|
[u] |
pull full |
|
|
[¶] |
support difficult |
在弱读音节中 |
Yy |
[ai] |
type satisfy |
|
|
[i] |
pretty beauty |
|
2、元音字母组合的读音:
字母组合 |
读音 |
例 词 |
规 则 |
|
|
also salt |
|
al |
|
talk walk |
|
|
[a:] |
half calm |
在[f][m]前 |
ar |
[a:] |
harm sharp |
|
|
|
warm warn |
在w后 |
are |
[a:] |
are |
|
|
|
spare share |
|
au |
|
autumn cause |
aunt例外:[a:] |
augh |
|
daughter taught |
laugh例外:[a:] |
aw |
|
saw law |
|
ai |
[ei] |
main may grey |
said says例外:[e] |
ay |
[i] |
holiday captain |
certain curtain Britain中ai不发音 |
ey |
|
valley |
|
|
[i:] |
meat steal |
|
ea |
[e] |
bread dead |
|
|
[ei] |
break great |
|
|
[i¶] |
real |
reality例外:[i(:) ] |
ee |
[i:] |
street greet |
coffee例外:[i] |
|
[i:] |
receive ceiling |
在[s]后为ei |
ei |
[ei] |
neighbour eight |
foreign例外:[i] |
|
[ai] |
either height |
|
ie |
[i:] |
piece believe |
friend例外:[e] |
|
[ai¶] |
quiet society |
|
io |
[ai¶] |
violin pioneer |
period例外:[i¶] |
ia |
[ai¶] |
diary diamond |
Russia例外:[¶] |
ew |
[ju:] |
few honeydew |
|
|
[u:] |
threw grew |
|
|
[¶:] |
learn early |
在辅音前,heart例外:[a:] |
ear |
[i¶] |
clear hear |
|
|
[e¶] |
wear bear |
|
er |
[¶:] |
refer mercy |
|
|
[a:] |
sergeant clerk |
|
eer |
[i¶] |
pioneer engineer |
|
ir |
[¶:] |
first virtue |
|
ire |
[ai¶] |
hire wire |
|
oa |
[¶u] |
boat coat |
|
oi
oy |
|
voice boy |
|
oul |
[u] |
could should |
|
|
[u:] |
tooth smooth |
|
oo |
[u] |
cook foot |
|
|
[L] |
flood blood |
|
|
|
order forty |
|
or |
[¶:] |
worm world |
在w后 |
|
[¶] |
visitor conductor |
|
oor |
|
floor door |
poor例外:[u¶] |
|
[au] |
house pronounce |
|
|
[L] |
touch young |
|
ou |
[u:] |
group wound |
|
|
[¶u] |
shoulder soul |
|
|
[¶] |
nervous poisonous |
|
|
[au¶] |
our hour |
tour例外:[u¶] |
our |
|
four course |
journey例外:[¶:] |
|
[¶] |
colour labour |
在词尾 |
ow |
[au] |
town how |
|
|
[¶u] |
window throw |
|
ough |
|
fought thought |
through例外:[u:] |
|
[¶u] |
though although |
|
ui |
[u:] |
fruit juice |
build例外:[i] |
|
[ju:] |
suit suitable |
|
ur |
[¶:] |
nurse burn |
|
ure |
[ju¶] |
cure pure |
sure例外:[u¶] |
3、部分辅音字母,字母组合的读音:
字母组合 |
发音 |
例 词 |
规 则 |
ch |
[tò] |
teach child
watch match |
|
(tch) |
[k] |
school stomach |
|
ck |
[k] |
stick quickly |
|
ng |
|
singer long |
|
|
|
language English |
|
gh |
[f] |
enough laugh |
|
ph |
[f] |
photo phone |
|
th |
[θ] |
think mouth |
th在词首或词尾,
smooth例外: |
|
|
with father |
th在词首或词尾,
healthy例外:[θ] |
wh |
[w] |
why while |
|
|
[h] |
who whole |
|
x |
[ks] |
exhibition explain |
|
|
[gz] |
example exist |
在重读章节中元音前 |
n |
[n] |
winter dance |
|
|
|
hungry thank |
在[k][g]前 |
二、语音测试中常考和易错的单词:
1、[ei]
a:tale cave nature headache operate translate graduate danger change
celebrate liberate classmate centigrade liberation
ai:failure straight sail explain remain
ay:day ray pay play delay
ea:break great
ei:neighbour weight eight
2、[i:]
e:frequently fever metre recent complete evening scene reread
immediately secret
ie:believe field piece achieve thief
ei:ceiling receive
i:magazine police machine
ea:beast breathe reading ocean peace scream European increase
3、[ai]
i:flight wild satellite hide silence design lively biology ninth apologize
silent tiny
ei:either height
4、
o:robot gold post comb soldier suppose only won’t clothes
control progress motor ocean stove stone
ow:arrow known flown grown flow bowl hollow show blow grow
ou:shoulder soul although
oa:throat coast
5、[ju:]
u:pupil student tube
6、[ ]
a:capital natural naturally taxi Japan practice cattle candle ant
translate Japanese canal national
7、[e]
ai (ay):said says
e:envelope develop merry whether unless secretary explanation reject
ea:measure heavy bread head breath sweat weather meant feather treasure
heath deaf
a:ate any many
8、[i]
i:universe children technical notice hidden prison living opposite silver
e:depend elect mathematics explain forest electricity event especial
entire object pretty
a:message package climate courage manage village language surface
palace comrade savage necklace orange
o:women
u:minute busy business
ai:mountain captain
ei:foreign
9、
o:solid office topic biology concert wrong onto foreign along
common strong lost obvious object dollar cloth forehead forest
politics modern honour probably promise
a:want wander wash watch wallet what
ar:quarrel
or:sorry borrow tomorrow sorrow
10、[L]
o:worry month government once tongue dozen wonder love come
ou:double country trouble courage cousin southern touch
11、
a:salt also always almost water
al:talk walk chalk wall ball
ou:thought bought fought brought
our:mourn pour four course
aw:saw law lawyer
ar:warm warn
au (gh) :caught naughty autumn cause taught daughter astronaut
or, oor:door torn form worn forward floor
12、[u:]
ou:wounded route youth group soup route
oo:loose fool boot balloon food cool school tooth smooth
pool moon choose
o:prove move
13、
er:refer person
or:worse worthy worm word worst worship work world
ear:earth research early learn
ur:church burst curtain fur
14、[a:]
a:rather grant basket example chance vase advanced France
au:aunt laugh
15、[u]
o:wolf woman
u:push pull sugar
oo:foot cook wood childhood good took look shook stood hook
oul:should would
16、[¶]
o:Europe obey pollution observe develop political
i:possible terrible holiday beautiful
a:allow peasant servant library material breakfast Japan Japanese
u:success support succeed suggest supply suppose industry upon minus
17、[au]
ou:found founded round sounded trousers count south pronounce announce
ow:crowd town now cow blown flower
augh:plaugh
18、[i¶]
ear:spear fear dear hear tear(n.)clear disappear
ea:realize theatre really real
eo:theory
er:serious material period zero
19、
are:glare care dare stare
ere:where there therefore
ear:wear bear tear(v.)
ar:parent various Mary
air:fair affair pair
20、
ie:quiet society science diet scientific scientist
ire:empire entire tiresome
io:violin lion pioneer
ia:diary diamond dialogue
21、[s]
s:this writes sew research promise it’s newspaper hospital loose
mouse horse course close(adj.)worse coughs mouths stomachs
house horse loose course promise
c:medicine society voice advice price silence decision except
22、[z]
s:news Thursday his goes reads mothers as husband raise physical
cousin resist lose noise otherwise position possess nose cause
newsreel lungs telegrams stones desert design wise robs houses
composition clothes close(v.)
23、[q]
th:thing breath method maths wealth healthy worth south strength
three through cloth birth bath mouth path
24、
th:they this that without gather mother father breathe neither
southern worthy mouths baths paths smooth
25、[t]
ed:missed asked watched practised reduced advanced wiped
blocked stepped marched
26、[d]
ed:filled recognized whispered hugged changed robbed
27、[k]
ch:stomach character chemical technology headache technical
technique chemist
28、[tò]
ch:church chain chest cheerful charge check change achieve research
t (ion) :question suggestion
tu:century natural fortunate
29、[ò]
ch:machine moustache
sh:shoe shallow shirt wash
s (s) :sure sugar Asia expression permission
c:special ocean musician official
t (ion) :liberation pollution graduation
30、[f]
gh:cough enough tough photo telegraph
31、[eks]
ex:exhibition exercise expert extra explanation excellent
32、[iks]
ex:explain expect exchange express experience excuse expensive
33、[igz]
ex:exact exist example examine
34、
n:trunk language bank anxious ink think rank donkey
finger hungry English handkerchief
ng:tongue long strong sing
35、
s:pleasure conclusion television decision revision usually
36、[/] 字母不发音
(1)b:comb tomb debt climb
(2)h:honest hour forehead exhibition
(3)w:wrong write answer sword wrap
(4)t:often listen whistle Christmas listen
(5)d:Wednesday handsome handkerchief